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Glossary

You can use our glossary to look up process-engineering terms.

A

Absorption describes the incorporation of an atom, ion, or molecule into a liquid.

The acid dew point is the temperature at which corrosive acids in the flue gas start to condense.

The actuator is used to adjust the position of the nozzle needle.

An aerosol is a mix of dispersed droplets or particles in a gas.

Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control

B

Installation of a vacuum tank where the liquid phase is discharged by gravity alone against the negative pressure in the tank.

C

A type of computer simulation to optimise fluid flows.

A chemical reaction is a process that converts one or more chemical compounds into others and energy is released or absorbed.

A liquid circulating in gas scrubbing equipment is called circulating liquid.

A column allows mass transfer and heat transfer between gases and liquids flowing in the opposite direction.

Two or more circles (or spheres) with different diameters but the same centre are concentric to each other.

A substance is described as a condensate when it has altered from a vaporous to a liquid state.

The cross sections of jet ejectors are equal to the flow area (diameter) of connected pipes.

D

Dedusting describes the separation of solid particles from a gas flow.

A demister is a wire mesh through which gaseous media flows and on which droplets in the gas are separated due to their inertia.

Differential pressure is the difference between the pressure at the inlet and outlet of a gas scrubber.

Diffusers slow down gas/liquid flows and increase the gas/liquid pressure.

Pressure at a pump outlet.

Dissolved air flotation is a process that removes suspended solid matter.

Drinking water deacidification with Körting jet water fans is a simple and reliable process.

A droplet separator separates liquid droplets from flowing gaseous media such as air or process gases.

E

In electrical engineering, earthing is another word for equipotential bonding.

The head is part of a jet ejector that connects suction nozzles, the mixing section and nozzle prechamber with one another.

Many neutralisation reactions in gas scrubbers are exothermic, i.e. have a positive enthalpy of reaction.

Equipotential bonding is an electrically conductive connection that minimises different electrical charges.

A process where a pump is used to extract air from a closed container. Negative pressure or a vacuum occurs.

Exhaust air usually means cold exhaust gases (<100°C) whose main component is air.

An explosion is the physical process of a sudden release of large quantities of energy in the form of a rapid expansion in volume of gases.

F

A connecting component in tanks and equipment with standardised dimensions.

The flow direction describes from where and in which direction a medium flows. In technical drawings, flow direction arrows indicate the flow direction.

Flue gas cleaning involves removing pollutants from the hot waste gas flow during a combustion process.

In physics, a medium such as a liquid, vapor or gas is called a fluid.

A foreign body is a solid object or substance that has entered the jet ejector unintentionally from the outside.

A functional block diagram is a project tool for flow control.

G

A gas jet vacuum ejector is a pump whose pumping action requires a motive medium (in this case gas) as the energy source. There is no mechanical drive.

A gas scrubber is used to carry out chemical or physical absorption, to cool hot gas flows and to dedust.

The purpose of gaskets is to prevent or restrict an unwelcome pressure drop and/or transfer of material from one place to another.

H

Defined as the impact of tiny particles of dust on water droplets at high relative velocity between particles of dust and water droplets due to inertial forces.

I

Inertia is the tendency of objects in motion to remain in motion and objects at rest to remain at rest as long as no external forces cause their speed or direction to change.

J

A jet scrubber is used for mass transfer and heat transfer between gases and liquids in cocurrent flow.

L

Lifting equipment is a combination of load handling attachments, slings and lifting gear.

M

Machinery access is when personnel enter or approach machinery.

This device displays pressure. The scale shows the differential pressure to a measuring cell, usually the normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).

A medium is another word for a substance.

A mix is a combination of two substances (motive and suction medium) that flow together through the jet ejector’s diffuser.

The mix outlet is where the mix leaves the jet ejector.

A jet ejector’s mixing section transmits the motive medium’s momentum to the medium suctioned in.

The motive medium is the medium that flows into the motive medium inlet at a defined motive pressure and then through the motive nozzle to achieve the pumping action required.

The motive medium inlet is the opening where the motive medium enters the jet ejector or jet scrubber under pressure.

The motive medium flows through the motive nozzle. During the process, the motive medium is accelerated significantly.

Motive pressure is the pressure of a motive medium directly in front of the motive nozzle.

N

Size or diameter of a pipe.

By varying its cross section, the nozzle needle, sometimes referred to as the needle nozzle, is used to adapt jet ejector performance to new operating conditions.

A nozzle prechamber connects the jet ejector and motive media pipe. The motive medium flows through the prechamber before reaching the motive nozzle and can be used for condensate separation if necessary.

P

Packings are added to columns. As random/unstructured packings, they increase the surface area between the liquid and gaseous phase and therefore improve the mass and heat transfers.

Particle-size distribution indicates the frequency of a particle in relation to a specific characteristic.

PLC is short for Programmable Logic Controller (german: speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung).

Der Stellungsregler steuert den Stellantrieb und regelt somit die Position der Düsennadel.

The achievable pressure increase of gas flows between a jet scrubber’s gas inlet and outlet is called a pressure gain.

A pressure test point connector is found on a jet ejector.

Q

Quenching is the rapid cooling of a hot gas in direct contact with water, ideally to its wet-bulb temperature.

R

Redundancy is when extra components or resources are included in case of failure.

Relative velocity is the difference between the speeds of two moving bodies.

S

Saturated steam is steam at saturation temperature that has no droplets of water.

Circulating the scrubbing medium in a gas scrubbing system using a circulation pump is called the scrubbing cycle.

Water is used as the scrubbing medium in a gas scrubber, or, depending on the application, diluted lye, acid or saline solution.

Separation efficiency is the ratio of material separated in the system to the amount of material to be separated that is entering the system.

A separation tank behind a gas scrubber is normally required to separate the scrubbing medium and gas flow.

A shut-off device is a component (shut-off valve, gate valve or ball valve), used to stop liquid, gaseous or vapour flows.

A steam jet compressor compresses steam generated from vaporising liquid.

A steam jet ejector is a pump where the pumping action is only achieved with a motive medium (in this case motive steam) as the energy source.

A steam jet liquid heater is used to heat a liquid medium via direct injection of water vapour.

Stoichiometry means the relationship between the weights of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

The suction capacity of a jet ejector is the mass flow of the suction medium extracted per unit of time.

The suction medium is the medium that is drawn in.

The suction medium inlet is the opening where the suction medium is drawn into the jet ejector.

T

The test pressure is the pressure level when you conduct strength and leakage test.

V

Adjustment device that adapts dedusting performance to partial loads and different operating conditions.

A Venturi nozzle is used in equipment to separate particles.

Venturi scrubbers are used to dedust gases.

W

Waste gases are by-products of industrial or other processes.

Trapped water in a pipe bend.

Welding beads are deposits of metal that form during welding.

The wet-bulb temperature is the lowest temperature that can be reached by evaporation of water only.

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